Many people in their 40s and 50s may think of dementia as a condition that affects only the elderly. However, specific incidents can trigger sudden concern. For instance, spending a long time searching for a parked car only to realize it was left at home or struggling to recognize a familiar face can cause unexpected anxiety about dementia.

On Wednesday, neurologists told News1 that while excessive fear should be avoided, it is crucial to recognize symptoms early. Early-onset dementia, also known as young-onset dementia, requires accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. Dementia is a persistent decline in cognitive function, leading to difficulties in daily activities and social interactions.

<strong>Early-Onset Dementia Affects 9% of Cases, Progresses Faster Than Late-Onset Dementia</strong>

Dementia diagnosed before the age of 65 is classified as early-onset dementia. According to the Central Dementia Center, out of 970,000 total dementia patients in 2022, approximately 80,000, or 9%, were under 65. Known causes include Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and alcohol-related dementia.

Among these, Alzheimer’s disease accounts for about one-third of cases. Early-onset Alzheimer’s often leads to more severe impairments in spatial and temporal perception than late-onset cases. Familial (hereditary) Alzheimer’s disease accounts for approximately 20% of early-onset cases. If a parent carries the causative gene, there is a nearly 50% chance of passing it on to their children.

Frontotemporal dementia, which is less common in older adults, occurs at a higher rate in early-onset cases. It often manifests as personality changes, including increased irritability and frequent conflicts with others, leading to behavioral and communication difficulties.

Vascular dementia develops when risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are not properly managed, which causes strokes due to narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the brain. Dr. Lim Jae Sung from Asan Medical Center stated that alcohol consumption accounts for about 10% of early-onset dementia cases. Frequent blackouts significantly increase the risk of developing dementia.

Dr. Kang Sung Hoon from Korea University Guro Hospital advised that even at a young age, if you frequently forget essential things, struggle with familiar tasks, or experience increased mood swings and irritability, you should consult a neurologist. Identifying the underlying cause early allows for appropriate treatment, whether medication or non-pharmacological therapies.

Early-onset dementia is particularly dangerous because brain cell deterioration occurs more rapidly than in typical late-onset dementia. Early detection through comprehensive assessments and immediate treatment is essential. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause and is typically managed with medication.

It is also crucial to assess environmental and social factors that may worsen symptoms. Reducing stress, maintaining a familiar environment, and ensuring clear communication are essential strategies. Dr. Lim emphasized that if symptoms become repetitive, interfere with daily life, or appear alongside other physical symptoms, consulting a specialist for accurate diagnosis and treatment is essential.

<strong>Preventing Early-Onset Dementia: Exercise and Mental Stimulation Are Key</strong>

Prevention strategies for early-onset dementia are similar to those for other types of dementia, with lifestyle improvements playing a crucial role. Regular physical activity, mainly walking, supports brain function. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities is also beneficial. Studies suggest that individuals who engage in continuous learning and cognitive activities in their youth have a lower risk of developing dementia later in life.

A brain-healthy diet is essential. Eating at regular intervals, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding overconsumption support cognitive health. Additionally, individuals with underlying conditions such as hypertension, obesity, or diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dementia. Managing these conditions through regular consultations with a healthcare provider is critical to lowering this risk.

Many people in their 40s and 50s may think of dementia as a condition that affects only th …

Early-Onset Dementia: The Growing Need for Early Detection and Prevention